中高生の基礎英語 24/11/14(木) ポルトガル共和国 Portuguese Republic
Traveling the World with the Guest ~ゲストと旅しよう〜
10・11月のゲスト、トーマスさんの出身地であるポルトガルの名所をご紹介します。
16世紀初頭に着工されたリスボンの歴史的建造物の一つ、 ジェロニモス修道院。 中には教会や回廊のほか、 ヴァスコ・ダ・ガマのひつぎもあり、 1983年世界遺産に登録された。
国際公園はトーマスさんおすすめの観光スポット。1998年に行われたリスボン国際博覧会の跡地にある大きな公園で、ヨーロッパ最大級の水族館などがある。
トーマスさんが、サッカーファンが集まると話していたポンバル侯爵広場。 1755年のリスボン大地震後の復興に貢献したポンバル侯爵の巨大な像が、街を見守っている。(We would like to introduce some of the places of interest in Portugal, the birthplace of our October/November guest, Mr. Thomas.
The Jerónimos Monastery, one of Lisbon’s historical monuments, was begun in the early 16th century. Inside, there is a church, a cloister, and the remains of Vasco da Gama, which were registered as a World Heritage Site in 1983.
The International Park is a large park on the site of the 1998 Lisbon International Exposition, and includes one of the largest aquariums in Europe.
The Marquis of Pombal Square, which Thomas said attracts soccer fans. A huge statue of the Marquis of Pombal, who contributed to the reconstruction of the city after the Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755, watches over the city.)
面積 92,225平方キロメートル
首都リスボン
言語 ポルトガル語 ※
人口 1,031万人
1143年、ポルトガル王国成立。 1580年にスペインと同君連合になったのち、 1640年にスペインから独立。 1910年、 王政が終わりポルトガル共和国となる。 1986年に欧州共同体(のちにEUに発展)に加盟。
※一部地域ではミランダ語も公用語として認められている。
The Portuguese Republic, commonly known as Portugal, is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It shares a border with Spain to the east and north, and has a long coastline along the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south. Portugal is the oldest nation-state on the Iberian Peninsula, with a rich history of exploration, maritime achievements, and cultural heritage. Here are some key aspects:
(ポルトガル共和国、通称ポルトガルは、ヨーロッパの南西部、イベリア半島に位置する共和制国家である。東と北はスペインと国境を接し、西と南は大西洋に沿って長い海岸線を持つ。ポルトガルはイベリア半島で最も古い国民国家であり、豊かな探検の歴史、海洋での功績、文化遺産を持つ。以下はその主な特徴である)
1. History
Foundation and Early History: Portugal was founded in 1143, following the Christian Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. It became a kingdom under Afonso I.
Age of Discovery: During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal was one of the leading maritime powers in Europe. Portuguese explorers like Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan, and Bartolomeu Dias led expeditions that expanded European knowledge of Africa, Asia, and South America, establishing colonies and trade routes that made Portugal very wealthy.
Decline and Restoration: In 1580, the Portuguese crown entered into a dynastic union with Spain under Philip II, but this ended in 1640 when Portugal regained its independence. The empire weakened gradually, but Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1822.
Modern Era: In 1910, Portugal abolished the monarchy and became a republic. The 20th century saw political turmoil, including a long dictatorship that ended in 1974 with the Carnation Revolution, which restored democracy.
2. Government and Politics
Portugal is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.
The Portuguese government is structured around three branches: the executive, led by the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers; the legislative, consisting of the unicameral Assembly of the Republic; and the judiciary.
Portugal is a member of the European Union, the United Nations, NATO, and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP).
3. Geography and Climate
Mainland: Portugal has diverse landscapes, with mountainous regions in the north, rolling plains in the south, and coastal areas with beautiful beaches along the Atlantic.
Islands: Portugal includes two autonomous island regions, the Azores and Madeira, located in the Atlantic Ocean. These islands are known for their volcanic landscapes, lush greenery, and vibrant culture.
Climate: Portugal enjoys a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, especially in the southern Algarve region.
4. Economy
Portugal has a mixed economy, with a high-income level largely based on services, industry, and tourism.
Key Industries: Major sectors include textiles, clothing, footwear, electronics, tourism, wine production (notably Port wine), olive oil, and fishing.
Portugal is also known for its renewable energy initiatives, particularly in wind and solar energy, making it one of the greener economies in Europe.
5. Culture
Language: Portuguese is the official language, with variations spoken in regions worldwide due to Portugal’s colonial history.
Religion: Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion, and its influence is visible in Portuguese art, festivals, and architecture.
Traditions and Festivals: Portugal is known for traditional Fado music, a melancholic style often accompanied by guitar. Festivals like the Festa de São João in Porto and the Santo António Festival in Lisbon celebrate both religious and cultural heritage.
Cuisine: Portuguese cuisine includes dishes such as bacalhau (salted cod), sardinhas assadas (grilled sardines), and pastel de nata (custard tart). Olive oil, wine, and seafood play significant roles in Portuguese cooking.
6. Tourism
Portugal is a major tourist destination, celebrated for its historic cities, coastal resorts, and wine regions like the Douro Valley.
Notable sites include Lisbon, with its historic neighborhoods and vibrant nightlife; Porto, known for its Port wine and the Ribeira district; the beaches of the Algarve; and the islands of Madeira and the Azores.
7. Notable Contributions
Portugal’s Age of Discovery laid the foundations for global exploration and the spread of European culture, with influences still felt in former colonies like Brazil, Mozambique, and Goa.
Today, Portugal contributes to arts, sports, and technology on a global scale and is recognized for its high quality of life, safety, and cultural richness.
In essence, the Portuguese Republic combines a long historical legacy with a modern identity, offering a rich blend of tradition, innovation, and global influence.
Portuguese Republic ˌpɔrʧəˈgiːz rɪˈpʌblɪk ポルトガル共和国
Portugal ˈpɔːrʧəgəl ポルトガル
southwestern Europe saʊθˈwɛstərn ˈjʊərəp 南西ヨーロッパ
Iberian Peninsula aɪˈbɪəriən pəˈnɪnsələ イベリア半島
coastline ˈkoʊstˌlaɪn 海岸線
exploration ˌɛkspləˈreɪʃən 探検
maritime achievements ˈmærɪˌtaɪm əˈʧivmənts 海洋の業績
cultural heritage ˈkʌlʧərəl ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ 文化遺産
Reconquista rɛˌkɒnˈkiːstə レコンキスタ（再征服運動）
Age of Discovery eɪʤ ʌv dɪˈskʌvəri 大航海時代
dynasty union ˈdaɪnəsti ˈjunɪən 王朝の連合
Carnation Revolution kɑːrˈneɪʃən ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən カーネーション革命
unitary semi-presidential republic ˈjunɪˌtɛri ˌsɛmi-prɪˈzɪdɛnʃəl rɪˈpʌblɪk 単一半大統領制共和国
European Union ˌjʊərəˈpiːən ˈjunɪən 欧州連合
Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) kəˈmjunɪti ʌv ˈpɔrʧəgiz ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈkʌntriz ポルトガル語諸国共同体
Mediterranean climate ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən ˈklaɪmət 地中海性気候
Algarve ˈælˌgɑrv アルガルヴェ（ポルトガルの地域）
textiles ˈtɛkstɪlz 繊維製品
Port wine pɔrt waɪn ポートワイン（ポルトガル産ワイン）
renewable energy rɪˈnuːəbəl ˈɛnərʤi 再生可能エネルギー
wind and solar energy wɪnd ənd ˈsoʊlər ˈɛnərʤi 風力と太陽光エネルギー
Roman Catholicism ˈroʊmən kæθəˌlɪsɪzəm ローマ・カトリック教
Fado ˈfɑːdoʊ ファド（ポルトガルの音楽）
Festa de São João ˈfɛstə deɪ saʊn ʒwɑn サン・ジョアン祭
bacalhau bəˈkɑːljaʊ バカリャウ（塩漬けタラ）
sardinhas assadas sɑrˈdiːnyəs əˈsɑːdəs 焼きイワシ
pastel de nata pæsˈtɛl deɪ ˈnætə パステル・デ・ナタ（カスタードタルト）
Douro Valley ˈdoʊroʊ ˈvæli ドウロ渓谷（ポルトガルのワイン産地）
Age of Discovery eɪʤ ʌv dɪˈskʌvəri 大航海時代
global exploration ˈgloʊbəl ˌɛkspləˈreɪʃən 世界探検
former colonies ˈfɔrmər ˈkɑləniz 旧植民地
high quality of life haɪ ˈkwɑləti ʌv laɪf 高い生活の質
cultural richness ˈkʌlʧərəl ˈrɪʧnɪs 文化の豊かさ
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