that cold, so coldの違い
The difference between “so cold” and “that cold” lies primarily in emphasis, context, and whether a specific, previously mentioned temperature or degree is being referenced.
Here is a breakdown of the differences:
1. So cold
“So cold” is an intensifier. It is used to emphasize the high degree or extreme nature of the coldness. It means “very cold” or “extremely cold.”
Function: Expresses a high degree, often with an element of emotional reaction or surprise.
Context: Used when the degree of coldness is being highlighted for its own sake.
Example 1 (Emphasis): “It was so cold this morning that my car wouldn’t start.” (The cold was severe.)
Example 2 (Comparison to expectation): “I didn’t think the wind would be so cold.”
“That cold” is a demonstrative qualifier. The word “that” is used to refer back to a specific degree or level of coldness that has been mentioned, implied, or is visible in the immediate context.
Function: Refers back to a known or implied specific point on the coldness scale. It often means “as cold as [the previous situation].”
Context: Used when making a comparison or referencing a specific, shared experience.
Example 1 (Referencing a previous day): “It wasn’t as cold today as it was yesterday. It wasn’t that cold.” (The coldness didn’t reach the level of yesterday.)
Example 2 (Questioning the extreme degree): “Is it really that cold outside, or do I just need a jacket?” (Asking if the coldness is at the extreme level being discussed.)
Example 3 (Referring to a shared feeling): (While walking outside) “I can’t believe how quickly it got that cold.” (Referring to the specific cold temperature they are currently feeling.)
Phrase Primary Function What the Phrase Focuses On Typical Usage
So cold
Intensifier A high degree or severity of coldness. “It’s so cold! I need a hat.”
That cold
Demonstrative Qualifier A specific degree of coldness previously mentioned or understood. “Don’t worry, it’s not that cold yet.” (Implying it hasn’t reached an extreme level.)
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単語・熟語 発音記号 意味
difference /ˈdɪf(ə)rəns/ 違い
lies in /laɪz ɪn/ ～にある
primarily /praɪˈmɛərəli/ 主に
emphasis /ˈɛmfəsɪs/ 強調
context /ˈkɒntɛkst/ 文脈
referenced /ˈrɛf(ə)rənst/ 参照される
breakdown /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ 分析、内訳
intensifier /ɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪər/ 強調語
extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ 極端な
function /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ 働き、役割
highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ 強調する
for its own sake /fɔːr ɪts oʊn seɪk/ それ自体のために
comparison /kəmˈpærɪsən/ 比較
expectation /ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən/ 予想
demonstrative /dɪˈmɒnstrətɪv/ 指示の
qualifier /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪər/ 修飾語
refer back to /rɪˈfɜːr/ ～に言及する
implied /ɪmˈplaɪd/ 暗示された
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ 特定の
shared experience /ʃɛrd ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ 共有された経験
degree /dɪˈɡriː/ 程度
scale /skeɪl/ 段階、スケール
referencing /ˈrɛfərənsɪŋ/ 参照すること
extreme level /ɪkˈstriːm ˈlɛvəl/ 極端なレベル
focus on /ˈfoʊkəs ɒn/ ～に焦点を当てる
typical /ˈtɪpɪkəl/ 典型的な
usage /ˈjuːsɪdʒ/ 使い方
「so cold」と「that cold」の違いは、主に強調、文脈、そして特定の（以前に述べられた）寒さの程度を指しているかどうかにあります。
1. so cold
“so cold” は 強調語 で、とても寒いことを強く示す。
「とても寒い」「ものすごく寒い」という意味。
機能： 寒さの強さを感情や驚きを込めて述べる。
文脈： 寒さの度合いそのものを強調するとき。
例文：
今朝とても寒くて車が動かなかった。
風がこんなに冷たいとは思わなかった。
2. that cold
“that cold” は 指示語的修飾語 で、
既に話題になっている「その程度の寒さ」を指す。
機能： 以前に示された特定の寒さレベルを指す。
「そんなに寒い」「あの時ほど寒い」のように比較を含む。
例文：
今日は昨日ほど寒くなかった。そんなに寒くなかった。
本当にそんなに寒いの？
こんなに急にそんな寒さになったなんて信じられない。
-要約
表現 主な役割 重点 典型例
so cold 強調語 寒さの強さそのもの “It’s so cold!”
that cold 指示的修飾語 以前述べられた特定の寒さ “It’s not that cold.”
語彙クイズ（10問）
Q1. “primarily” の最も近い意味は？
a) rarely
b) mainly
c) suddenly
Q2. “emphasis” の意味は？
a) exception
b) pressure
c) stress / highlight
Q3. “context” の意味は？
a) background situation
b) weather
c) opinion
Q4. “intensifier” はどんな語？
a) 弱める語
b) 強める語
c) 名詞だけを修飾する語
Q5. “refer back to” の意味は？
a) 戻る
b) 再び参照する
c) 断る
Q6. “degree” は？
a) レベル
b) 材料
c) 数字
Q7. “comparison” の意味は？
a) 説明
b) 比較
c) 計算
Q8. “implied” は？
a) 明示された
b) 暗示された
c) 取り除かれた
Q9. “scale” の意味は？
a) 用紙
b) 段階
c) 容器
Q10. “typical” は？
a) unusual
b) standard
c) inside
TOEIC形式問題（5問）
Q1.
The report was unclear because the writer did not provide enough ________.
a) context
b) layers
c) temperature
d) expectation
Q2.
The manager placed strong ________ on meeting the deadline.
a) degree
b) emphasis
c) grain
d) reference
Q3.
The weather didn’t get ________ cold this year.
a) so
b) too
c) that
d) very
Q4.
The scientist created a detailed ________ of climate changes.
a) breakdown
b) expectation
c) sweater
d) highlight
Q5.
The consultant agreed to ________ with the team next Tuesday.
a) meet
b) meet with
c) meeting
d) have meeting
読解問題（英語）3問
Passage:
“So cold” expresses a strong emotional reaction to coldness.
“That cold” refers to a specific level of coldness that has already been discussed or implied.
Q1 (Main idea).
What is the main difference between “so cold” and “that cold”?
Q2 (Detail).
Which phrase refers to a previously mentioned degree of cold?
Q3 (Inference).
If someone says, “It’s not that cold,” what are they likely doing?
a) Emphasizing how cold it is
b) Comparing it to another level of cold
c) Asking for help
-解答
語彙クイズ
1 b
2 c
3 a
4 b
5 b
6 a
7 b
8 b
9 b
10 b
TOEIC形式
1 a
2 b
3 c
4 a
5 b
読解問題
1: “So cold” emphasizes strength; “that cold” references a specific, previously mentioned degree.
2: “That cold”
3: b